Papers with references to CRD 2010-2016

1.[HTML] High-energy atmospheric physics: Terrestrial gamma-ray flashes and related phenomena

JR Dwyer, DM Smith, SA Cummer - Space Science Reviews, 2012 - Springer

Abstract It is now well established that both thunderclouds and lightning routinely emit x-rays
and gamma-rays. These emissions appear over wide timescales, ranging from sub-
microsecond bursts of x-rays associated with lightning leaders, to sub-millisecond bursts ...

2.Strong flux of low-energy neutrons produced by thunderstorms

AV Gurevich, VP Antonova, AP Chubenko… - Physical review …, 2012 - APS

We report here for the first time about the registration of an extraordinary high flux of low-
energy neutrons generated during thunderstorms. The measured neutron count rate
enhancements are directly connected with thunderstorm discharges. The low-energy ...

3.Long‐duration γ ray emissions from 2007 and 2008 winter thunderstorms

H Tsuchiya, T Enoto, S Yamada, T Yuasa… - Journal of Geophysical …, 2011 - agu.org

[1] The Gamma-Ray Observation of Winter Thunderclouds (GROWTH) experiment,
consisting of two radiation detection subsystems, has been operating since 2006 on the
premises of Kashiwazaki-Kariwa nuclear power plant located at the coastal area of Japan ...

4.Observation of thundercloud-related gamma rays and neutrons in Tibet

H Tsuchiya, K Hibino, K Kawata, N Hotta, N Tateyama… - Physical Review D, 2012 - APS

Recent observations have shown that thunderclouds are powerful particle accelerators,
emitting bremsstrahlung rays that extend to 10 MeV or higher [1–7]. Unlike terrestrial gamma-
ray flashes (TGFs) and lightning-related rays, which last for milliseconds or less, ...

5.High-energy photons connected to atmospheric precipitations.

AV Germanenko, YV Balabin… - … & Space Sciences …, 2011 - search.ebscohost.com

Abstract Increases in intensity of X-radiation in the ground layer of the atmosphere observed
during various atmospheric phenomena in two points: Apatity (Kola Peninsula) and
Barentsburg (Spitsbergen) have been studied. A clear relationship between the increases ...

6.Observation of a gamma‐ray flash at ground level in association with a cloud‐to‐ground lightning return stroke

JR Dwyer, MM Schaal, E Cramer, S Arabshahi… - Journal of Geophysical …, 2012 - agu.org

Dwyer, JR, MM Schaal, E. Cramer, S. Arabshahi, N. Liu, HK Rassoul, JD Hill, DM Jordan,
and MA Uman (2012), Observation of a gamma-ray flash at ground level in association with
a cloud-to-ground lightning return stroke, J. Geophys. Res., 117, A10303, doi: 10.1029/ ...

7.Observation of the avalanche of runaway electrons in air in a strong electric field

AV Gurevich, GA Mesyats, KP Zybin, MI Yalandin… - Physical review …, 2012 - APS

The generation of an avalanche of runaway electrons is demonstrated for the first time in a
laboratory experiment. Two flows of runaway electrons are formed sequentially in an
extended air discharge gap at the stage of delay of a pulsed breakdown. The first, ...

[PDF]

8.First experimental observations of neutron bursts under thunderstorm clouds near sea level

SA Starodubtsev, VI Kozlov, AA Toropov… - JETP letters, 2012 - Springer

Abstract The connection of short-term neutron bursts near sea level with the electric and
geomagnetic atmospheric fields during thunderstorms in 2009–2011 has been
experimentally studied. The data from the cosmic-ray spectrograph named after Kuzmin, ...

9.[PDF] Variability of Low Energy 2 Cosmic Rays Near Earth 3

K Kudela - 2012 - costes0803.noa.gr

Almost a century ago Victor Hess in his balloon experiments discovered cosmic rays (Hess,
9 1912). The history in understanding the nature, physical mechanisms affecting the
temporal 10 and spatial variability of cosmic rays (CR) observed on the ground and within ...

10.On amplifications of photonuclear neutron flux in thunderstorm atmosphere and possibility of detecting them

LP Babich, EI Bochkov, IM Kutsyk, AN Zalyalov - JETP letters, 2013 - Springer

Abstract The reliability of communications reporting observations of neutron flux
enhancements in thunderstorm atmosphere is analyzed. The analysis is motivated by the
fact that the employed gas-discharge counters on the basis of reactions 3 He (n, p) 3 H ...

Cited

11.Assessment of thunderstorm neutron radiation environment at altitudes of aviation flights

A Drozdov, A Grigoriev… - Journal of Geophysical …, 2013 - Wiley Online Library

Abstract [1] High-energy radiation emitted from thunderclouds supposes generation of
neutrons in photonuclear reactions of the gamma photons with air. This observation is
supported by registration of neutrons during thunderstorm activity in a number of ...

12.The physics of lightning

JR Dwyer, MA Uman - Physics Reports, 2013 - Elsevier

Abstract Despite being one of the most familiar and widely recognized natural phenomena,
lightning remains relatively poorly understood. Even the most basic questions of how
lightning is initiated inside thunderclouds and how it then propagates for many tens of ...

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13.Numerical analysis of 2010 high‐mountain (Tien‐Shan) experiment on observations of thunderstorm‐related low‐energy neutron emissions

LP Babich, E Bochkov, JR Dwyer… - Journal of …, 2013 - Wiley Online Library

Abstract [1] The high-mountain experiment in a thunderstorm atmosphere, in which
“extraordinary high flux of low-energy neutrons” was detected, is analyzed. Due to the lack of
data on the radiation source, we do not analyze directly measured absolute count rates. ...

14 [PDF] Об усилении потока фотоядерных нейтронов в грозовой атмосфере и возможности его регистрации

ЛП Бабич, ЕИ Бочков, АН Залялов, ИM Куцык - Письма в ЖЭТФ, 2013 - jetpletters.ac.ru

Анализируется достоверность сообщений о регистрации усиления потока нейтронов в
грозовой атмосфере. Анализ мотивирован тем, что используемые газоразрядные
счетчики на основе реакций 3He (n, p) 3H и 10B (n; 4He, γ) 7Li детектируют не только ...

15.[PDF] Correlation between cosmic ray flux and electric atmospheric field variations with the ARGO-YBJ experiment

Y ZENG, FR ZHU, HY JIA, CY WU, I BOLOGNINO… - crd.yerphi.am

Abstract: ARGO-YBJ is an extensive air shower detector located at Yangbajing (Tibet,
China) at 4300 m asl. It is made by a full coverage carpet plus a guard ring (total surface∼
6700 m2) of Resistive Plate Chambers grouped into 153 units called clusters. The ...

16.Analysis of thunderstorm neutron fluxes in the generation region and at orbital altitudes

AY Drozdov, AV Grigoriev - Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: …, 2013 - Springer

Abstract Thunderstorm neutron generation and transport are modeled using the known
properties of terrestrial gamma-ray flashes. The spectra of the neutron fluxes in the
generation area and at orbital altitudes are analyzed and compared to the neutron albedo ...

17.Neutrons from thunderstorms at low atmospheric altitudes and related doses at aircraft

A Drozdov, A Grigoriev - Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2013 - iopscience.iop.org

Abstract. We conduct a simulation of thunderstorm neutron flashes at the lowest atmospheric
altitudes below 10 km. The neutron generation mechanism is based on the nowadays
conventional idea of possibility for photonuclear reactions to proceed on the atmospheric ...

18.[PDF] Experimental Study of Variation of Secondary Cosmic Gamma Ray Flux during Total Lunar Eclipse April 4, 1996 and July 16, 2000

P Devendra, SNA Jaaffrey - Research Journal of Physical Sciences … - isca.in

Abstract We report the observations of variation of secondary cosmic gamma ray flux near
2.57 MeV energy during April 4, 1996 Total Lunar Eclipse and energies near 1.31 MeV,
1.618 MeV, 2.57 MeV during July 16, 2000 Total Lunar Eclipse. For our experimental ...

19.Surrounding material effect on measurement of thunderstorm-related neutrons

H Tsuchiya - Astroparticle Physics, 2014 - Elsevier

Abstract Observations of strong flux of low-energy neutrons were made by 3 He 3 He
counters during thunderstorms [Gurevich et al (Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 125001, 2012)]. How
the unprecedented enhancements were produced remains elusive. To better elucidate the ...

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20.[PDF] Neutrons from thunderstorms at low atmospheric altitudes

A Drozdov, A Grigoriev - cr0.izmiran.ru

Abstract. Distribution of thunderstorm neutrons at low atmospheric altitudes (> 10 km) was
modeled using the Monte-Carlo method. The neutron generation mechanism is based on
the nowadays conventional idea of possibility for photonuclear reactions to proceed on ...

21.Possible effects on avionics induced by terrestrial gamma-ray flashes.

M Tavani, A Argan, A Paccagnella… - Natural Hazards & …, 2013 - search.ebscohost.com

Abstract Terrestrial gamma-ray flashes (TGFs) are impulsive (intrinsically sub-millisecond)
events associated with lightning in powerful thunderstorms. TGFs turn out to be very
powerful natural accelerators known to accelerate particles and generate radiation up to ...

2.Ion runaway in lightning discharges

T Fülöp, M Landreman - Physical review letters, 2013 - APS

Runaway ions can be produced in plasmas with large electric fields, where the accelerating
electric force is augmented by the low mean ionic charge due to the imbalance between the
number of electrons and ions. Here we derive an expression for the high-energy tail of the ...

23.Finite-size corrections to Fermi's golden rule: I. Decay rates

K Ishikawa, Y Tobita - Progress of Theoretical and …, 2013 - ptep.oxfordjournals.org

Abstract A quantum mechanical wave of a finite size moves like a classical particle and
shows a unique decay probability. Because the wave function evolves according to the
Schrödinger equation, it preserves the total energy but not the kinetic energy in the ...

24.TETRA observation of gamma‐rays at ground level associated with nearby thunderstorms

R Ringuette, GL Case, ML Cherry… - Journal of …, 2013 - Wiley Online Library

Abstract [1] Terrestrial gamma-ray flashes (TGFs)—very short, intense bursts of electrons,
positrons, and energetic photons originating from terrestrial thunderstorms—have been
detected with satellite instruments. TGF and Energetic Thunderstorm Rooftop Array ( ...

25.[PDF] Об усилении потока фотоядерных нейтронов в грозовой атмосфере и возможности его регистрации

ЛП Бабич, ЕИ Бочков, АН Залялов, ИM Куцык - Письма в ЖЭТФ, 2013 - jetpletters.ac.ru

26.The continuous detection of gamma (X-ray) spectra registered during atmospheric precipitations

AV Germanenko, YV Balabin… - Journal of Physics: …, 2013 - iopscience.iop.org

Abstract. Monitoring of a gamma radiation in a ground atmosphere layer has revealed
systematic increases during precipitations (rains, snowfalls). We have designed the
instrument for the continuous detecting of differential spectra of a gamma radiation on the ...

27. Fundamental Processes Capable of Accounting for the Neutron Flux Enhancements in a Thunderstorm Atmosphere

L. P. Babich
Abstract—Elementary processes capable of producing neutrons in a thunderstorm atmosphere are analyzed. The efficiency of nuclear fusion 2H(2H, n)n 3
He, photonuclear reactions (γ, Xn), electrodisintegration reactions , and reactions e–(p+, n)νe opposite to the βdecay is evaluated. It is shown that an unre
alistically strong electric field is required for the nuclear fusion to be responsible for the neutron production in the lightning channel. The generation of neutrons in a thunderstorm atmosphere is connected with pho
tonuclear (γ, Xn) and, at a much lower degree, electrodisintegration reactions, the relativistic runaway electron avalanches being primary parent processes.

28. Hydrological Implications of Covering Wind-Blown Snow Accumulations with Geotextiles on Mount Aragats, Armenia

Alexander Nestler 1, Matthias Huss 1,2,*, Rouben Ambartzumian 3 and Artak Hambarian 4

Published: 2 July 2014

Abstract

: Snow is an excellent water reservoir, naturally storing large quantities of water at time scales from a few days to several months. In summer-dry countries, like Armenia, runoff due to snow melt from mountain regions is highly important for a sustained water supply (irrigation, hydropower). Snow fields on Mount Aragats, Armenia’s highest peak, often persist until July, providing vital amounts of melt water. Artificially managing these wind-driven snow accumulations as a natural water reservoir might have considerable potential. In the context of the Swiss-Armenian joint venture, Freezwater, snow fields are covered with geotextiles in order to delay snow melt long enough to provide additional melt water in the dry season of the year. In this study...

29. The Source Altitude, Electric Current, and Intrinsic Brightness of Terrestrial Gamma Ray Flashes

Steven A. Cummer,¹ Michael S. Briggs,² Joseph R. Dwyer,³ Shaolin Xiong,² Valerie Connaughton,² GeraldJ. Fishman,⁴ Gaopeng Lu,^5,6 Fanchao Lyu,¹ Rahulkumar Solanki¹ ... 2014 American Geophysical Union Abstract: Many details of how thunderstorms generate terrestrial gamma-ray flashes (TGFs) and other forms of high energy radiation remain uncertain, including the basic question of where they are produced.

30. Hardening and Termination of Long-Duration y Rays Detected Prior to Lightning

H. Tsuchiya,^1,2 T. Enoto,^2,3 K. Iwata,⁴ S. Yamada,² T. Yuasa,⁵ T. Kitaguchi,² M. Kawaharada,⁵ K. Nakazawa,⁶M. Kokubun,⁵ H. Kato,² M. Okano,² T. Tamagawa,² and K. Makishima⁶...PHYSICAL REVIEW, 2013

Abstract: We report the first observation of 3–30 MeV prolonged gamma-ray emission that was abruptly terminated by lightning. The gamma-ray detection was made during winter thunderstorms on December 30, 2010, by the Gamma-Ray Observation of Winter Thunderclouds experiment carried out in a coastal area along the Sea of Japan. The gamma-ray flux lasted for less than 3 min, continuously hardening closer to the lightning occurrence...

31. Hydrological Implications of Covering Wind-Blown Snow Accumulations with Geotextiles on Mount Aragats, Armenia

Alexander Nestler¹, Matthias Huss^1.2, Rouben Ambartzumian³_,and Artak Hambarian⁴

^Abstract:^{Snow is an excellent water reservoir, naturally storing large quantities of water at time scales from a few days to several months. In summer-dry countries, like Armenia, runoff due to snow melt from mountain regions is highly important for a sustained water supply (irrigation, hydropower). Snow fields on Mount Aragats, Armenia’s highest peak, often persist until July, providing vital amounts of melt water. Artificially managing these wind-driven snow accumulations as a natural water reservoir might have considerable potential. In the context of the Swiss-Armenian joint venture, Freezwater, snow fields are covered with geotextiles in order to delay snow melt long enough to provide additional melt water in the dry season of the year. In this study, we analyze the hydrological effectiveness of the artificial management of the natural snow cover on Mount Aragats based on various field measurements acquired over a three-year period and numerical modeling. Over the winter season, partly more than five meter-thick snow deposits are formed supported by snow redistribution by strong wind. Repeated mappings of snow fields indicate that snow cover patterns remain highly consistent over time. Measurements of ablation below manually applied geotextiles show a considerable reduction of melt rates by more than 50%. Simulations with an energy-balance model and a distributed temperature-index model allow assessing the hydrological effect of artificial snow management for different initial snow depths and elevations and suggest that coverage is needed at a large scale in order to generate a significant impact on discharge.}

32. Positron clouds within thunderstorms
Joseph R. Dwyer^1†, David M. Smith², Bryna J. Hazelton³, Brian W. Grefenstette⁴, Nicole A. Kelley⁵, Alexander W. Lowell⁵, Meagan M. Grefenstette⁴, Nicole A. Kelley⁵, Alexander W. Lowell⁵, Meagan M. Schaal⁶, and Hamid K. Rassoul⁷

33. Variations in the Neutron Flux during Thunderstorms

V. V. Alekseenkoa, ^D. M. Gromushkinb, ^D. D. Dzhappuev^a, A. U. Kudjaev^a, O. I. Michailovaa, Yu. V. Stenkina, ^b, V. I. Stepanov^a, O. B. Shchegolev^a, V. P. Sulakovc, and I. I. Yashin^b

Abstract:The results from the registration and analysis of sporadic variations of atmospheric thermal neutron flux during thunderstorms are reported. Measurements were performed in Moscow and at the Baksan Neutrino Observatory of the Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The neutron flux was detected by unscreened scintillation endetectors based on 6LiF + ZnS (Ag) compound...

33. Decrease of Atmospheric Neutron Counts Observed during Thunderstorms

V. Alekseenko,¹ F. Arneodo,² G. Bruno,³,* A. Di Giovanni,² W. Fulgione,^3,4 D. Gromushkin,⁵ O. Shchegolev,⁶ Yu. Stenkin,^5,6 V. Stepanov,⁶ V. Sulakov,⁷ and I. Yashin⁵

Abstract: The production of MeV neutrons during thunderstorms has been the subject of several papers. The first suggestion, to our knowledge, of the existence of this phenomenon appeared in Ref. [1]. More recently, some experimental papers have been published regarding neutron detection during thunderstorms at Mt. Aragats [2]...

34. The time structure of neutron emission during atmospheric discharge

AV Gurevich, VP Antonova, AP Chubenko... - Atmospheric Research, 2015

Abstract The time structure of neutron count rate enhancement during thunderstorm is studied. The enhancements take place during the time of atmospheric discharge. Significant part of neutrons are emitted in short bursts (200–400 μs). Sometimes the emission is well .....

35. Simulation Study on the correlation between the ground cosmic rays and the near earth thunderstorms electric field at Yambajan (Tibet China)

Zhou Xiu-XIu¹, Wang Xin-Jian¹, Huang Dai-Hui¹, Jia Huan-Yu¹, Wu Chao-Yong²

36. Effects of the near-earth thunderstorms electric field on intensity of the ground cosmic ray electron at YBJ

Xinjian Wang¹, Xunxiu Zhou^∗1, Daihui Huang¹, Huanyu Jia¹

Abstract: It has been found that most of the near-earth thunderstorms electric field strength at YBJ (4300 m a.s.l., Tibet, China) is within the range of 1000 V/cm according to the ARGO-YBJ experiment. In this work, Monte Carlo simulations were performed by using CORSIKA to study the intensity change of the ground cosmic rays in near-earth thunderstorms electric field...

37. Effects of thunderstorms electric field on the energy of cosmic ray electron

Daihui Huang, Xinjian Wang, Xunxiu Zhou^∗, Huanyu Jia

Abstract: Studies on energy changes of cosmic ray electron in thunderstorms electric field are very important to understand the acceleration mechanism of secondary charged particles caused by electric field. In this paper, Monte Carlo simulations were performed with CORSIKA to study the energy of cosmic ray electron in two typical electric fields...

38. Possibilities of selected space weather and atmospheric studies in JEM-EUSO project?

Karel Kudela^∗

Abstract: The main scientific task of JEM-EUSO is to observe the ultra high energy cosmic rays by looking the atmosphere from space [1, 2, 3, 4]. The detailed description of various sources of the background is important. On the other hand, the study of selected magnetospheric, ionospheric and atmospheric processes related to temporal...

39. Relativistic electron avalanches as a thunderstorm discharge competing with lightning

Nicole A. Kelley¹ , David M. Smith², Joseph R. Dwyer³, Michael Splitt⁴, Steven Lazarus⁴, Forest Martinez-McKinney², Bryna Hazelton⁵, Brian Grefenstette⁶, Alexander Lowell¹ & Hamid K. Rassoul⁷

Abstract: Gamma-ray ‘glows’ are long duration (seconds to tens of minutes) X-ray and gamma-ray emission coming from thunderclouds. Measurements suggest the presence of relativistic runaway electron avalanches (RREA), the same process underlying terrestrial gamma-ray flashes. Here we demonstrate that glows are relatively a common phenomena near the tops of thunderstorms, when compared with events such as terrestrial gamma-ray flashes...

40. Lightning and middle atmospheric discharges in the atmosphere

Devendraa Siingh ^a,n,1 , R.P. Singh ^b,1, Sarvan Kumar ^b , T. Dharmaraj ^a , Abhay K. Singh ^b , Ashok K. Singh ^c, M.N. Patil ^a , Shubha Singh ^d

Abstract: Recent development in lightning discharges including transient luminous events (TLEs) and global electric circuit are discussed. Role of solar activity, convective available potential energy, surface temperature and difference of land–ocean surfaces on convection process are discussed. Different processes of discharge initiation are discussed. Events like...

41. Analysis of a laboratory experiment on neutron generation by discharges in the open atmosphere

^{L. P. Babich*...}PHYSICAL REVIEW C 00, 004600 (2015

Abstract: Acceleration of electrons to high energies in dense layers of the atmosphere in electric fields of thunderclouds (electron runaway) predicted by Wilson [1] and for the first time trustworthily observed and initially studied in laboratory experiments at the end of 1960 through the first part of 1970

42.Influence of Atmospheric Electric Fields on the Radio Emission from Extensive Air Showers.

T. N. G. Trinh,^{1, ∗} O. Scholten,¹, 2 S. Buitink,³, 4 A. M. van den Berg,¹ A. Corstanje,⁴ U. Ebert,^5,6 J. E. Enriquez,⁴ H. Falcke,^{4, 7, 8, 9} J. R. H¨orandel,^{4, 7}C. K¨ohn,10 A. Nelles,^{4, 11} J. P. Rachen,⁴ L. Rossetto,⁴ C. Rutjes,⁵ P. Schellart,⁴ S. Thoudam,⁴ S. ter Veen,⁴ and K.D. de Vries²

Abstract: The atmospheric electric fields in thunderclouds have been shown to significantly modify the intensity and polarization patterns of the radio footprint of cosmic-ray-induced extensive air showers. Simulations indicated a very non-linear dependence of the signal strength in the frequency window of 30-80 MHz on the magnitude of the atmospheric electric field. In this work

43.Lightning and middle atmospheric discharges in the atmosphere

Devendraa Siingh ^a,n,1 , R.P. Singh^b,1 , Sarvan Kumar ^b
, T. Dharmaraj ^a, Abhay K. Singh ^b , Ashok K. Singh ^c , M.N. Patil ^a , Shubha Singh ^d

44. Monitoring temporal opacity fluctuations of large structures with muon radiography: a calibration experiment using a water tower

Kevin Jourde¹, DominiqueGibert^2,3, Jacques Marteau⁴, Jean de Bremond d’Ars², SergeGardien⁴, ClaudeGirerd⁴ & Jean-Christophe Ianigro⁴...2016 http://www.nature.com/articles/srep23054

Abstract: Usage of secondary cosmic muons to image the geological structures density distribution significantly developed during the past ten years. Recent applications demonstrate the method interest to monitor magma ascent and volcanic gas movements inside volcanoes. Muon radiography could be used to monitor...